What causes Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium?
SALMONELLA | Salmonella typhi Salmonella enterica serovar typhi is known to cause systemic infections and typhoid fever in humans. Due to the significant disease burden and its highly infectious nature, typhoid fever constitutes a major global health problem.
What is significant about Salmonella typhimurium?
Introduction. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobe which causes a systemic infection in mice that resembles typhoid fever caused by S. enterica serovar Typhi in humans. Infection by Salmonella Typhimurium results in a self-limiting gastroenteritis in humans.
What is the pathogenesis of Salmonella?
Pathogenesis. Pathogenic salmonellae ingested in food survive passage through the gastric acid barrier and invade the mucosa of the small and large intestine and produce toxins. Invasion of epithelial cells stimulates the release of proinflammatory cytokines which induce an inflammatory reaction.
Does Salmonella enterica typhimurium cause diarrhea?
In contrast, volunteers infected with Salmonella serotype Typhimurium develop a clinical illness characterized by diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain after an incubation period of only 12 to 72 h (7).
Why is Salmonella enterica harmful?
SUMMARY. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a primary enteric pathogen infecting both humans and animals. Infection begins with the ingestion of contaminated food or water so that salmonellae reach the intestinal epithelium and trigger gastrointestinal disease.
What disease does Salmonella enterica cause?
PATHOGENICITY/TOXICITY: Salmonella enterica can cause four different clinical manifestations: gastroenteritis, bacteremia, enteric fever, and an asymptomatic carrier state (7).
What disease is caused by Salmonella typhimurium?
Salmonella Typhi can only infect humans. It causes typhoid fever. It is common in developing countries where hygiene is poor and the water can be contaminated with sewage. The symptoms of typhoid fever include fever, weakness, stomach pains, headache or loss of appetite.
How can Salmonella be spread?
Salmonella is spread by the fecal-oral route and can be transmitted by • food and water, • by direct animal contact, and • rarely from person-to-person. An estimated 94% of salmonellosis is transmitted by food. Humans usually become infected by eating foods contaminated with feces from an infected animal.
What antibiotics treat Salmonella?
Common first-line oral antibiotics for susceptible Salmonella infections are fluoroquinolones (for adults) and azithromycin (for children). Ceftriaxone is an alternative first-line treatment agent.
What are symptoms of Nontyphoidal Salmonella?
It is usually characterized by acute onset of fever, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, nausea and sometimes vomiting. The onset of disease symptoms occurs 6–72 hours (usually 12–36 hours) after ingestion of Salmonella, and illness lasts 2–7 days.
What disinfectant kills Salmonella?
Bleach-based cleaners kill bacteria in the most germ-contaminated sites, including sponges, dishcloths, kitchen and bathroom sinks and the kitchen sink drain area. Use bleach-based spray or a solution of bleach and water on cutting boards after every use to kill harmful bacteria like E. coli and Salmonella.
How is Salmonella enterica harmful?
enterica serovar Paratyphi A and B. Clinical manifestations include fever, headache, abdominal pain, and transient diarrhea or constipation, and infection can produce fatal respiratory, hepatic, spleen, and/or neurological damage.
What kind of pathogen is Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi?
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and the pathogenesis of typhoid fever Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the cause of typhoid, is host restricted to humans. S. Typhi has a monophyletic population structure, indicating that typhoid in humans is a relatively new disease.
What kind of genetic analysis is Salmonella typhimurium LT2?
Salmonella typhimurium strain LT2 has been the subject of detailed genetic analysis since the discovery of transduction (virus-mediated genetic exchange) in this organism. By applying both transductional and conjugational crosses, a genetic map was constructed and many aspects of physiology have been genetically investigated.
Which is the most common serotype of Salmonella?
Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhimurium. Salmonella Typhimurium is the serotype that is most commonly associated with salmonellosis in piglets and growing pigs although a wide range of serotypes were also isolated from sows (Belœil et al., 2003).
Which is more serious Salmonella typhimurium or typhoid fever?
Salmonella typhimurium causes a typhoid fever in mice; it is a less serious pathogen for humans but is the causative agent of common food-borne enteric infections. Salmonella typhimurium DT104 is usually resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.